Wrapping machine

ABSTRACT

1,032,039. Wrapping-machines. AMERICAN MACHINE &amp; FOUNDRY CO. March 15, 1963 [March 16, 1962], No. 10395/63. Heading B8C. [Also in Division B5] Heat sealing apparatus in a wrapping machine comprises a travelling heating element 46, means 18 for presenting a succession of wrapped articles to the element 46 for engagement and movement therewith whilst at least part of their wrapping is heat sealed by the element 46, a stationary system constituting a mechanical analogue of the element 46 and including means adapted to simulate the conditions to which the element 46 is subjected in operation, and means responsive to said system to maintain the actual heat sealing temperature of the element 46 substantially constant at a desired temperature. In apparatus for sealing wrappers of bread loaves, a conveyer 40, Figs. 1A, 2 (both not shown), 3 and 4 (not shown), comprises unheated cross-bars 44 and chains 42. The bars 46 are electrical resistance heating elements having a &#34; non-stick &#34; coating, e.g. a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, and a crowned wrapper engaging surface. The bars 46 are energized by brush assemblies 76, 78 comprising a U- or V-shaped spring 86, Fig. 5 (not shown), having a shoe 88 to ride on a conductor rail 82, Fig. 3. A master heater bar assembly 100, Figs. 3 and 4 (the latter not shown), comprises a stationary heater bar 106 having an electrical resistance corresponding closely to that of the bars 46. A thermal detector 110 is secured by a winding 112 to the bar 106. A shaft 114 having a pair of vanes 116 extending tangentially therefrom is rotated in synchronism with the conveyer 40 to induce a flow of air across the bar 106 proportional to the speed of the bars 46 to simulate the convention losses experienced by the bars 46. The end flaps are sealed by similar assemblies 123, 124. The assembly 124 comprises a taut, driven endless wire mesh belt 126 having a &#34; non-stick &#34; coating and is heated by electrical resistance radiant heating elements 154, each having an oblong oval configuration, Fig. 6 (not shown). Curved reflectors 167 are placed behind each heater 154. The sole backing for the belt 126 along the wrapper engaging run thereof is a rod 169 which allows the belt to tilt thereabout if the end surface of the loaf is inclined to the vertical. Thermal sensing units 166, 166&lt;SP&gt;1&lt;/SP&gt;, Fig. 2 (not shown), are provided on the outer runs of the assemblies 123, 124, respectively. The unit 166, Figs. 7 and 8 (both not shown), is suspended from a bracket 168 and comprises a yoke 174 pivotally mounted on a block 170 and having an insulating block 180 held therein by bolts 182 having their shanks journalled in sleeves 184 in the yoke arms. A shoe 186, covering a cutaway 185 in the block 180, has a thermistor 190 secured to the inside surface thereof and flatly engages the belt 126 at all times due to the gimballed mounting of the block 180. Apparatus 194, Fig. 1A (not shown), may be provided to supply end labels to the loaves and further sealing assemblies 195, 196 are preferably provided. The assemblies 195, 196 are similar to the assemblies 123, 124 and comprise belts 198, 198&lt;SP&gt;1&lt;/SP&gt;, respectively, engaged by thermal sensing units 216, 216&lt;SP&gt;1&lt;/SP&gt;. The loaves are held in contact with the conveyer 40 by a canvas belt 224, Fig. 1B (not shown), mounted on a frame 220 and bearing downwardly thereon. After heating, side belts 226, Fig. 2 (not shown), backed by plates 234 maintain pressure on the end folds. When the loaves leave the conveyer 40 they pass on to a conveyer 250, Fig. 1B (not shown), the upper run of which is supported by a table 252. Cooling apparatus 254 comprising refrigerated plate 256 and a table 258 is provided. In operation, loaves from a slicing machine 302, Fig. 9 (not shown), are delivered by conveyer flights 2, Fig. 1A (not shown), and transferred by a pusher bar 4 between spaced guide plates 7 to a lifter table 8 in the course of which a web of wrapping material is draped about the leading side of the loaf and first end folds are produced. The table 8 moves upwardly, plates 14, produce second end folds and downward movement of a lap roller 12 completes the draping of the wrapping material. The load is moved between third and fourth folding plates 16, 22 by conveyer flights 18 and concurrently therewith the web is severed by a knife 20 and rollers 26, 28 complete the bottom overlap. The flight 18 moves the loaf on to the conveyer 40 with which the flights 18 are synchronized so that the bottom overlap of the loaf wrapper rests on one of the bars 46, the bottom overlap being heat sealed during conveyance of the loaf. The power input to the bars 46 through the assemblies 76, 78 is periodically cut in and out by a relay 278, Fig. 9 (not shown), acting in response to a controller III responsive to the temperature of the bar 106 as sensed by the thermistor 110. During operation of the slicer 302 a relay 294 is energized through a switch 300 to cut in a bucking voltage transformer 292 which reduces by a certain percentage the input voltage to the bar 106 as compared to the line voltage to the bars 46, whereby the relay 278 remains energized for longer periods of time to slightly increase the power input to the bars 46. This compensates for the fact that the bar 106 is not subjected to heat losses directly to travelling articles as are the bars 46. When the slicer 302 is stopped, the relay 294 is de-energized and the input to the bars 46, 106 through lines 280, 108, respectively, becomes equal to prevent overheating of the bars 46. The power input to the assemblies 123, 124 is controlled by relays 268, 282, respectively, operated by controllers I, IV responsive to the belt temperatures sensed by the units 166, 166&lt;SP&gt;1&lt;/SP&gt; to maintain the belts 126, 126&lt;SP&gt;1&lt;/SP&gt; at the desired temperature. Similarly, the belts 198, 198&lt;SP&gt;1&lt;/SP&gt; are maintained at the desired temperature by relays 274, 288 operating in response to controllers II, V responsive to the units 216, 216&lt;SP&gt;1&lt;/SP&gt;, respectively.

5 Sheets-Sheet 1 A'ITORNEY F. L. WAITE WRAPPING MACHINE Jan. 12, 1965 Filed March 1e, 1962 Jan. 12, 1965 F. L. wAlTE WRAPPINGMACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR FRED L.wAm:

M A ORNEY Filed March 16, 1962 Jan. 12, 1965 F. 1 wAlTE WRAPPING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 16, 1962 lNvENToR FRED LWAITE JJM ATTORNEY Jan. 12, 1965 F. L. wAlTE wRAPPING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 16, 1962 INVENTOR.

FRED L .wAlTE ATTO RN EY Jan. 12, 1965 F. L. wAlTE WRAPPINGMACHINE ATTO RN EY ltraveling side belts of special construction.

United States Patent O 3,164,938 WRAPPNG MACHNE Fred L. Waite, East Williston, Nfl., assignor to American Machine & Foundry Company, a corporation of New .lersey Filed Mar. 16, 1962, Ser. No. l3tl,219 22 Claims. (Cl. 5LB-479) The present invention relates to wrapping machines having means `for the heat sealing of a wrapper, and more particularly to improvements in such heat sealing means.

This application is a continuation in part of my copending application Serial No. 858,138, filed December 8, 1959, now Patent No. 3,075,326.

Although the invention will be described in its application to a particular type of wrapping machine, such as used for bread wrapping, it should be understood that the invention is equally applicable to numerous other wrapping operations. In order to provide background for problems presently to be discussed, some material by way of introduction is here appropriate. The disclosed wrapping machine is of the `basic type wherein a length of heat scalable material is wrapped about an article such as a loaf of bread to form end folds and a bottom overlap ywhich generally are secured by heating thereof. This material may be heat scalable by virtue of being inherently thermoplastic (such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or cellophane having a suitable coating such as wax). If desired, the heat sealing may be accompanied by the application of end labels or the like.

As disclosed in said Patent No. 3,075,326, a highly advantageous form of heat sealing apparatus comprises a conveyor having traveling7 heating elements which are engagea'ble with the scalable wrapping material. 0f particular significance therein is the heat sealing of the bottom overlap fby means of a bottom conveyor having spaced cross bars which are heated electrically, the delivery of articles being synchronized with the movement of these bars so that as each wrapped article rests upon and moves with a heated bar it has its ybottom overlapping wrapper portion sealed by thermoplastic action. As to the end folds of the package, these are sealed by heated Prior to these improvements, i.e. these improvements treated in said patent, heat sealing typically was effected by moving the wrapped loaf across stationary heating plates. The use of traveling heating means, such as the heated conveyor bars, represented a marked improvement over such prior art particularly when using the more recently developed synthetic iilms. The reason for this is mainly that the traveling heaters apply the substantially uniform and moderate heat required for good heat sealing of these films, Whereas defective closures resulted `from the rapid, high temperature application of heat according to prior methods.

Proceding then to matters of more direct significance for present purposes, in machines in which certain modern synthetic films are used as wrapping materials it is of great importance that sealing temperatures be maintained within very narrow permissible ranges. Although temperature control to within F., for example, may be permissible for wax paper or cellophane, when it is desired to run lilms `such as polyethylene or polypropylene a control of temperature to within tolerances of only a few degrees usually vis necessary. The application of heat at a temperature outside thel allowable range generally will produce incomplete closure and/or complete melting of the wrapping material. (The application of a very high temperature typically will produce what appears to be a deterioration by'melting or burning or" the wrapper material, with formation of lattice-like open areas.) In practice heretofore, the adjustment of means such as a rheostat, powerstat or the like to vary the input to each electrical resistance heating element was intended to result in a desired iixed heat sealing temperature, but due to various extraneous conditions the actual temperature which resulted would deviate considerably from the desired temperature. For example, despite the fixed power setting, iluctuations in ambient conditions in a bakery can have corresponding effects on the actual temperatures of the heating elements. These changing conditions generally are attributable to changes in the operation of fans and air conditioning equipment, to drafts caused by the opening and closing of doors, and to naturally occurring temperature changes throughout the day. Turning off cold-air-conditioning equipment in close proximity to the bread wrapping machinery, for example, can cause a sharp increase in heat sealing temperature, possibly producing burning or complete melting of a synthetic `film wrapping material, unless the machine operator has suflicient skill `to compensate for temperature changes by manually effecting exactly the right adjustments in tem erature setting.

Thus, changes in surrounding conditions can affect the heat sealing temperature, but in addition, there can occur changes in the rate of heat transfer from the heating elements to the articles themselves. The latter can be due simply to changes in the wrapping operation of the machine, i.e. the rate at which articles are fed to the machine, wrapped, and sealed by contact with the heating elements. If, for example, the delivery of bread (typically from a slicing machine) is temporarily interrupted, the decrease in heat taken from the heating elements gives rise to establishment of a temperature which will be too high for satisfactory heat `sealing when the delivery of loaves is resumed. An even further factor is that, regardless of whether articlesactually are being wrapped or the machine is being run idle, the rate of movement of the traveling heating elements has an eifect on their temperature. That is, heat generated from a heating element through convection to the atmosphere is related to the speed at which it is traveling. It is to be noted that the above-discussed conditions affecting heat sealing temperature have not been accounted for in the prior art, the only possible control over temperature having been, as mentioned previously, in the nature of a fixed manual setting for any desired temperature. Therefore, a machine needs constant attention by a skilled and exerienced operator who must observe the closures being produced and manually effect any necessary changes in the setting of a temperature-controlling rheostat, powerstat or the like.

A principal aspect of the present invention involves broadly the automatic regulation of the temperatures of the various traveling heating elements in response to a system for sensing either directly or indirectly what the `actual temperatures of these elements are. Due, however, to the mechanics involved in the provision of spaced multiple heater bars on a traveling conveyor, certain complicated problems arise in the sensing of their temperature. As disclosed herein and in said copending application, electrical energy is conducted to the heater bars of the endless conveyor by means of a commutator arrangement in which brushes associated with each heater bar ride in sliding contact with energized stationary rails. To employ conventional electrical measuring elements such as thermistors or thermocouples to sense directly the respective temperatures of these moving elements would be unfeasible, for as is well known in engineering circles it is very diflicult, if not impossible, to obtain accurate measurements from electrical signals transmitted through r: .i temperature sensing, nevertheless affords excellent control.

Accordingly, one of the main objects of the invention is to overcome the problems discussed above. In short, it is an object'toV achieve completely automatic temperature control of traveling heating elements, including automatic compensating adjustment for the aforementioned changing conditions to which the heat sealing system is subjected.

Briefly, this object is attained by continuously sensing, directly or otherwise, the surface temperatures of the heat sealing elements, these being in the specifically illustrated case the bottom conveyor and the traveling side belts, and in response to signals providing a measurement of such temperatures effecting whatever adjustments are necessary to maintain the desired heat sealing temperatures. For sensing the temperatures of each heated side belt, which heat seals a set of end folds in the Wrapping, there is provided a specially constructed and Vhighly eective thermal detector assembly that rides on the belt and produces responses in a control circuit in accordance with the ten perature which it directly senses.

For reasons already explained it is not feasible to directly and individually sense the temperatures of the multiple heated Ybars forming part of the bottom conveyor. instead, according to the invention l provide a stationary master heater bar, identical to the traveling heater bars, sense its temperature with a conventional f thermal detector, and in response thereto automatically effect any adjustments necessary to maintain a constant heat sealing temperature. This master heating element is located close to the path of travel of the conveyor, whereby similar ambient conditions prevail. In order to take into account the variable rate of movement of the conveyor, a dow of air across the master heater is induced Vby farming means driven at a speed proportional to that of the conyevor and empirically developed to simulate' Y therelative movement of air across the traveling heater bars. Finally, in order to prevent an increase in the temperature of conveyor heater bars when the wrapping machine is being run idle, certain compensating adjustinents'in the electrical circuit are automatically effected. With respect to the master heater bar arrangement, as will become. more evident hereafterl this constitutes in essence a mechanical analog of a traveling heater barandV of the conditions affecting its temperature, with this incorporating lightweight radiant heating elements, whereby desired temperature Vchanges are effected more'quiclcly than when a large heat conducting mass is employed.'

In connection with the matter of heated side belt assemblies, a further object of the invention is to achieve more uniform heat sealing contact between the belts and the respective ends of the loaves. Heretofore the stationary or moving heating elements for sealing the end folds have had vertically xed front surfaces.

vertical heating element surfaces and the loaf ends over large areas is not possible in such cases. In contrast, according to the invention the side belts are supported in such manner that they movably adjustnd conform tothe angularity of the loaf end, whereby the desired uniformit On thev other hand-theV end of a loaf is not always squared with its bottom, and therefore uniform contact between thev 'simulating analog lsystem being the basis for responsive Vthermostatic control. i

Y hav Aes of heat sealingncontact is established. i

andasse l come evident from the following description, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FGURES l-A and la together constitute an elevation View of a bread wrapping machine embodying the invention, these figures being matched at lines A-A;

FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the machine shown in FGURES l-A and l-B, with certain parts, includingY mainly the upper framework structure, being broken away or removed;

FIGURES 3 is a vertical cross section, taken as indicated by lines 3 3 in FIGURE l-B, through the bottom conveyor structure and showing particularly the overall master heater assembly;

FJGURE 4 is a vertical section taken as indicated by lines 4 4 in FlGURE 3 FGURE 5 is a perspective view of an electrical contact brush which is used with'each heated bottom conveyor bar;

FIGURE 6 is a vertical lengthwise section through a side belt heater assembly, taken as indicated by lines o--o in FlGUil 2; j

FiF-URE 7 is a horizontal sectional view through one of the thermal sensing units which ride on the heated side belts, the section being tal-ren as indicated by lines 7-7 in PGURE l-A;

FGURE 8 is a vertical trans erse section through a side belt assembly, taken as indicated by lines S-S in FGURE l-A, and illustrating particularly the thermal sensing unit shown in FIGURE 7;

FGURE 9 is a wiring diagram of the electrical circuit comprising the temperature controls; and

FlGURE lil is a block diagram schematically illustrating one of the thermostatic controllers.

Referring to the drawings, only so much of a bread .wrapping machine is described and shown as is necessary to a conipletedisclosure of the invention. The structure sh wn-in broken lines toward the left in FIGURE l-A is entirely conventional and well known in the art, and is fully described in said Patent No. 3,675,326. This 'lication concerns rnaiL ly the apparatus effecting the final sealing operations following the draping of a length of wrapping material around the loaf and the formati r1 of end folds and a bottom overlap, the latter operations being effected by the structure shown in broken lines. For a more detailed description of this conventional andk well-known structure, reference may be had to said patent and to theipatents referred to therein, the following hi ef description of such structure being merely in the natureV of exemplary background material. loaves of bread are deliveredy (typically from'a bread slicing machine,

not shown) by the spaced 2 of an intermittently driven endless chain conveyor. Ey means of a pusher plate l each loaf is displaced laterally from thecoriveyor being moved between spaced heel guide plates, one of Vwhich is indicated at il, and a web of wr r aterial draped over web support plates of which one is indicated at d. With furth r forward movement of the pusher plate the loaf is transferred to a lifter table d a ieldable back tension plate l the yplate l@ being mo' ed earwardly with the leading end of the wrapper web firmly held between it andthe loaf. Concurrently therewith, by means of tucking plates (not shown) at opposite sides of the lifter table S the first fold is formed each end of the loaf. rfliereafter the pusher plate -tis withdrawn and iter t ble swings upwardly, thereby dra; the wrapping material over the top of the loaf. rthis upward movement of the litter table 3 also brings the loaf into engagement with r of spaced folder plates iid, each of which what is generally known as the second fold at one end of. tha

loaf. Upon completion of the upward movement or liffter table 8 a lap roller l is moved downwardly by control arms to drape he wrapping mate 'al over the other side of loaf and draw add.tional ttrmoing mate rial from the source or" supply. T e secon.

fold beingl completed and the lap roller 12 having operated, the loaf is engaged by a set of conveyor iiights i8 which move the loaf between a pair of folder plates le and 22. Each of the folder plates etects the third told by folding inwardly a ap extending from the leading face of the loaf, and by means of the slot separating each 'folder plate 16 from the adjoining folder plate the remaining bottom flap is folded upwardly. As a loaf is engaged by the conveyor rlights 1d a suitable knife it# is actuated to shear the wrapper web, during which shearing a break 24 is operative to clamp the wrapper web. The tr ng end of the cut length of wrapping material surounding the loaf is guided, by means of a roller itl and a roller Zi: mounted on litter table S, into overlapping position beneath the loat' as it is pushed by flights it from litter table 8 over a ribbed bridge plate 3@ and a ribbed gap closure plate 32.

The invention concerns primarily the apparatus tor heat sealing described hereafter, and it will be understood that the structure which has been described thus far represents only one of the many forms of apparatus which might be employed for prior wrapping. Following their movement across the plates and SZ, to complete the bottom overlap, the loaves (L) are moved by conveyor nights 18 onto a bottom conveyor generally designated fill. Conveyor 4u is made up of ordinary crossbars 44 and uniformly spaced heater bars which are connected at their opposite ends to spa ed, parallel and endless chains 42. The chains are trained over idler sprockets 4S carried by a shaft and over drive sprockets 51 keyed to a main drive shaft 52 which is driven in synchronism with the main drive (not shown) of the machine through a chain drive E4. Shafts St) and 52 are journaled in frame side plates which are supported from the main frame F by spacers The lower reaches of chains 42 ride upon and are supported by narrow tracks in the torm of bars supported from the side plates 64 by brackets Vil. At the upper reaches of chains 42, they ride upon and are supported by upwardly entending track members f2 which are mounted upon spaced cross members 74.

The conveyor crossbars 44 are unheated and hence are ordinary in this and other respects as compared to the bars 46, which are specially constructed electrical resistance heating elements preferably having a plastic coating adapted to prevent adherence to certain wrapA -g materials such as polyethylene. .Such a suitable plastic has been found to be a copolymer of tetrailuoroethylene and hexaiiuoropropylene (TElQ-iluorocarbon resin) known commercially as Teflon (a trademark of E. l. du Pont de Nemours t Co., Wilmington, Delaware). A further characteristic of each heater bar 45 is that its wrapper engaging surface is crowned, as evident particularly in FlGURE 4, whereby heat is applied to the wrapping material along an area ot limited width. in the disclosed embodiment of the invertL on every eleventh bar or the conveyor 4d is a heater bar 4:5, although it will be understood that other spacings could be adopted. The main consideration is that the conveyor flights 1. and the conveyor 4h are properly synchronized, with their respective spacings (i.e., between pusher Flights 1S and heater bars 4d) being timed so that each ilight 18 brings a loaf into position to rest directly upon one of the heater bars 45. In this respect it will be noted that the distance d between the front face of the tlight and the center line of a heater bar 46 is determined by the width of a loaf (L) and the desired location of the bottom sea. As disclosed in said copending application, suitable means may be provided for the convenient adjustment of the distance d.

For the puropse of conducting energizing the heater bars there is provided at the conveyor' 4u a brush assembly '"ff and at of the conveyor' 4b a brush assembly current to side t e other side Assemblies TK and 78 are identical (with the exception of the .obvious reversal of parts evident in the drawings) and therefore only the assembly 76 will be specifically described. Within each channel Si formed elongate insulating blocks Si? running the length of the conveyor' there is embedded a coextensive conductor rail 82 formed ot a suitable conductive material such as copper. A conductive shoe or brush 8dassociated with each heater bar 46 rides on the rails S2 in sliding contact therewith and is electrically and structurally connected to the heater bar 46 by a screw 83.

Each shoe or brush 84 is characterized by novel and highly advantageous structure, for a description of which reference will be made to PGURIE 5. Whereas in an older type of bread wrapping machine (shown in said copending application) wherein a relatively intricate and complex brush structure was used, the brush 84 is in the torni or" a simpre unitary structure. The actual rail engaging shoe S3 is comprised of a hard, wear-resistant, solid piece of metal, this being brazed or otherwise fused to a substantially U or il-shaped spring 85 which in turn is fused to a rigid right-angular clip or bracket 9i) through which the brush is supported from the heater bar 46. Thus, without the use ot a separate coil spring or the like, the shoe 8S is resiliently but firmly held in sliding contact with rail 82.

The insulating bars Sti are secured to bars 94 which mounted on the crossbars i4 through shims @8 and secured thereto by bolts 96. The rails S2 of assemblies 75 and 'in are electrically energized from a power source by means which will be described hereafter in connection with FGURES 9 and lt).

Referring next to FGURES 3 and 4, in particular, directly beneath the lower reach ot the conveyor 4i) there is arranged the master heater bar assembly, generally designated its), which represents a major aspect of the invention. To a bracket lill dependent from side plates (i4 there is secured a pair of brackets 194, between which there is supported a master heater bar 196 which diilers from the traveling heater bars 46 only in that it is not mounted on conveyor chains. The master heater bar 1de has an electrical resistance corresponding as closely as possible to the electrical resistance of the individual traveling heater bars de. With regard to the power input to the master heater bar 19:5, this is regulated so that the temperatures of the respective traveling heater bars 46 and the stationary master heater bar 1de are maintained substantially the same, though this aspect of operation is relatively more complex and its description will be treated more fully hereafter. Suffice it to note for the present that the power input to the master heater bar litri is eiected through wire leads 163. To the heater bar 1% there is secured, as by a winding H2, a thermal detector 11i) having a lead wire connection H35. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the thermal detector comprises a thermistor. Further more specific aspects pertaining to the type of thermal detector employed and to the operation thereof will be f'tlly described hereafter, though at this point it may be noted that the thermal detector 1i!) acts to sense the actual temperature of the master heater bar 1% and transmit this electrical intelligence back to the control circuit through lead wire connection 165.

0n a shaft 1214 which is journailed in bracket 192 there is mounted a rotatable structure resembling a paddle wheel and comprising in the illustrated embodiment a pair of vanes 11d extending tangentially from the shaft 114. As this paddle structure is rotated in a clockwise direction (FIGURE 4) it induces a ilow or" air across the master heater bar 136 which ilow is proportional to the rate at Vwhich the shaft 1l4 is rotated. This rotation of shaft 14I is` eected by a chain drive connection 118, 120 and 122 between shaft 114 and the previously mentioned shaft Sti, it being recalled that shaft 5S is driven through a v chain drive connection to the shaft 52 that is responsible kfor driving of the conveyor 4u, wheeby the shaft 114 is suceuse il' driven at a rate which varies directly with the speed at which conveyor it? is driven. Hence, the tanning of air across master heater bar 1% by vanes 1lb is effected at a rate which is a function of this conveyor speed. significance of this feature will be morer apparent from the overall operational aspects described hereafter.

At opposite sides of Vthe conveyor lll are traveling heating elements in the form of rear and front side belt assemblies generally designated 123 and 12d, respectively. With the exception that side belt assemblies 123 and 12d are face-to-face mirror images of one another, they are identical and therefore only one of them, the front assembly 124, need be described in detail. Referring particularly to FIGURES 3 and 6, the side belt assembly comprises an endless lflat wire mesh belt 126 which is coated with Teflon or a comparable substance that is incompatible with the thermoplastic wrappinc material, and is trained over spaced rollers 12S and 1 Pulley 123 is rotatably mounted by an arm 132 supported from the main frame F in such a manner that a spring device 133 is free to urge the arm 132 in a direction serving to maintain tension of the belt 126. The pulley 13d is rotatably mounted and driven by a gearing unit generally indicated at 136 and which in turn is driven by the previously mentioned shaft'SS by chain drive 1d-tl and 142. Within the side belt assembly 12d, a rectangular framework (as viewed in FIGURE 6) is supported from the main frame F by bracket 146, the underside of the framework 148 being covered by a strip of insulating material (eg. asbestos) held in place by clips 152 (FlG- URE 8). The side belt assembly 12d is heated by a pair of specially shaped but otherwise conventional electrical resistance radiant heating elements 15d. ,Each heating element 15d has an oblong oval configuration, as evident in FIGURE 6, and therefore is adapted to radiate heat to a large area of the belt 126. The reduced and threadf edy terminal ends of heating elements 154 pass upwardly through frameworkA 14133 and blocks 156, and over them tubular spacers 15S and crossover bus bars 16S are \se-,

cured by nuts 162. A protectivercover ldd is secured in place by a boltr163 extending through the cover and through a U-shaped bracket 165 afhxed to the framework 148 (FIGURE 3). By means of curved reflectors lo' placed behind each heater the heat is evenly distributed to the belt Ain order to produce a uniform temperature from the top to the bottom thereof. Y

A highly significant feature of each side belt assembly is the backing provided for the inner reach of the belt 126 which engages the wrapped loaves L. As evident partieularly in FlGURE 3, the sole backing for the belt (other than the pulleys 123 and 13b) comprises a rod 16% supported lfrom and extending slightly beyond the framework 1de. lRod 169 extends horizontally and at a height approximately midway between the upper and lower edges of belt 126, whereby belt 12e is able to tilt about an axis represented by its point of tangency with the rod, It will be readily evident that this is a highly advantageous feature in that the beit 126 will automatically adjust to the angularity of the bread loaf by tilting about the rod 169, it being understood that quite frequently the end ysurface of a loaf will represent a plane inclined yto Vthe horizontal rather than at a right angle Y Y thereto. n Y

On'thetouter reaches Vof the sideV belt assemblies 12 and 12d there are provided thermal-sensing units,

Y and 165', respectively, which ride on the belts and inde- ,ferring to FGURES 7 and 8, unit 16d is suspended in close proximity to the outer reach of .belt 125 by a bracket 158.' Bracket 1&5 is fastened in turn to a'vblock 17@ having a reduced dependingpivot portion ris on vwhich there is pivotally mounted a yolre 17d, `th yoke .f

l1'74 being retained' byA a sleeve 176 and snap-ring 17S.

An insulating block 13b is held in yoke 17d by bolts 172 which have their Shanks journalled in bearing sleeves 13d received in the depending arms of the yoke. lock 13b is formed of a material comprising a very dense mixture of asbestos and cement, and commercially known as Transite (a trademark of the Johns Manville Company). Thus, by virtue of the pivot portion 172, the block 13@ is free to pivot about a vertical axis, and by virtue of the pivots provided by bolts 1&2 and sleeves ld the block is free to rotate about a horizontal axis; in other words, the mounting structure for block 1li@ is in the nature of a gimbal. A frontal cutaway 135 in the block 15513 is covered by a shoe adapted to ride on the belt 12o and comprising a piece of polished sheet metal secured to the block 13@ by a screw 13. The bracket comprises a piece of spring metal serving to urge the entire unit 16o toward the belt 12e, and by virtue of the girnballed mounting discussed above it is ensured that shoe willV flatly engage the belt 126 at all times. Se, as by Secured to the inside of shoe special tape, cement or the like (not shown) is a therm- 1stor 19d having lead wires and a plug Vconnection generally indicated at 192. More of these electrical aspects will be treated hereafter. in this structure of the unit 16d, in addition to the pivotal mountings of the block lili), a further significant feature is to be noted in that by virtue of the block 13d, the thermistor 19'@ is sensitive only to heat which has excellent insulating properties,

transierredfrom the belt through shoe 136 and radiation or conduction of heat to the thermistor 19t? from other sources is prohibited by insulating block 189.

Along the path of travel of Wrapped bread loaves, at a location beyond that of side belt assemblies 123 and 12d, it is optional to provide labelling apparatus generally designated lf such apparatus is installed, as each loaf-passes by it the loaf has applied to its ends a label typically having advertising, trademark or pricing material imprinted thereon. Such apparatus is well known and need not be described herein. For present purposes it is sufficient to note that if end labels are applied it generally is desirable to employ traveling heating elements to they leave the labelling apparatus. it may be assumed, therefore, that end labelling apparatus 19d is provided and that the operation of further heat sealing means is desirable. Beyond the side belt assemblies and 124 andthe labelling apparatus 19. is a further pair of heated side belt assemblies generally designated 1% and 1%. The long side belt assemblies E195 and 1% are essentially identical in structure to the short side belt assemblies l2?, and 12d previously descri ed, and therefore a detailed description of the former is deemed unnecessary. The idiom-coated wire mesh belt 1% of assembly 1% corresponds to the shorter belt 126, and is trained on pulleys s and similar to pulleys 12d and 13s.V VFulley Ztl@ is carried by a belt tensioning arm Z512 and pulley is supported by frame structure Pulley Zdl is rotated by a belt drive 29S driven by a bevel gearing unit generally designated 21d and driven from previously mentioned shaft 56 by chain drive 212 and Belt encloses a pair of` electrical sistance radiant heating elements (not shown) similar to heating elements 15d and having their terminal ends mounted in a cover Riding on the'belt 19% is a thermal sensing unit 21e. which is identical with the unit 166, previously described in detail, with the( exception of the independent connection of the unit 21d in the control circuit as described hereafter. Therejiore, the t erinal's-ensing unit 216 need not be described in detail. The long side belt assembly embodies `the sarne structure as side belt assembly 1% andhas a thermal sensing unit 216 which rides on its belt ltl, the

Vunit 21e', of course being identical also with the specili- 'cally described unit In the illustrated machine vembodying the invention press these labels against the loaf ends after means is provided to bear downwardly on the loaves of wrapped bread as they are moved through the heat sealing apparatus. Specilically. referring to FIGURE l-l, an under-carriage framework 220 is supported by an upper frame structure 213 by parallel links 219 which maintain. the framework 22() in horizontal but vertically adjustable position. Vertical adjustment of the frame 22@ is eifected by manual operation of a lead screw 222 and iixed nut 223, the screw 222 having its lower end collared in the lower 226. An ordinary canvas belt 224 is trained about pulleys, one of which is shown and indicated at 226, supported from theunder-carriage framework 220. Thus the belt 224 exerts by its weight a downward .pressure on the loaves, thereby ensuring their contact with the conveyor 40 (and with a belt conveyor 256, mentioned hereafter).

After the wrapped and heated-sealed bread leaves the heated side belt assemblies 195 and 196, it is desired to maintain lirm pressure on the end folds while nevertheless discontinuing the application of heat thereto. For this purpose there are provided identical spaced side belts 226 which are trained over pulleys 225 and 227 and supported respectively by framework members 230 and 232, the pulleys 225 being driven from the pulley 294 by a connecting belt drive 223. Plates 234 provide backing for the inner reaches of belts 226.

At this point it should be noted that by suitable means, not shown, each of the side belt assemblies 123, 124, 195, 196, and the belts 226, can have their mutual respective spacings adjusted by suitable means such as shown in Waite Patent No. 2,887,212.

At approximately the location of sprockets 51 the wrapped bread loaves leave the conveyor 46' and are transferred to a conveyor comprising a wide belt 256 which is trained over rollers 238 and 243. Roller 238 is keyed to a shaft 236 which is driven in a clockwise direction (as viewed in FIGURE l-B) from shaft 52 Iby chain drive 240. Roller 248 is mounted on a shaft 242 which is journalled in bearings 244 adjustably supported by an arbor 246. The upper reach of belt 259 is supported by a table 252.

Beyond the belts 226, and at the sides of conveyor belt 256), there is provided cooling apparatus generally designated 254. This apparatus', forming no part of the present invention, comprises a pair of spaced side plates 256 and table 258 that are refrigerated by conventional means.

The aspects of temperature control in the side belt assemblies 123, 124, 195 and 196, `and in the bottoni conveyor 4t), may now be brought together by reference to FIGURES 9 and l0. However, by way of review it is noted that it is the main object of the invention to hold constant desired temperatures at belts 126, 126', 195 and 198', and at the conveyor heater bars 46. As mentioned in the introduction hereto, in previously known heat sealing apparatus it was customary merely to set manually a xed power input to such heating elements, but due to extraneous varying conditions such as ambient temperatures and the variable rate ci delivery of bread loaves to the machine the actual temperatures in these heating elements would deviate considerably from their desired temperatures despite this fixed power setting.

In FIGURE 9 tive temperature controllers are identitled by the Roman numerals I, II, Hl, IV and V. These controllers are entirely conventional and commercially available and therefore Itheir internal circuitry need not be described. In the preferred embodiment of the invention each comprises a Fenwal controller, series 536, manufactured by Fenwal, Incorporated, of Ashland Massachusetts. A block diagram of the principal control circuit involved is given in FIGURE l0. Referring to FIGURE l0, the controller essentially comprises a measuring Wheatstone Bridge which receives input intelligence from a Thermal Detector andfeeds thebridge unbalance into a three-stage High Gain, Phase Sensitive Amplifier, which in turn operates the Relay connected to the equipment to be controlled. In the presently disclosed machine the :type of Thermal Detector employed in thermal sensing units 166, 166', 216 and 216', and as the detector liti, is a thermistor. A thermistor is a form of bolometer, which is a resistance that changes as a function of temperature. In the thermistor the resistance decreases as temperature rises. The thermistor is to be distinguished from a thermocouple, in which the voltage developed across two dissimilar conductors is proportional to a temperature rise. Nevertheless, it will be understood that within the scope of the invention various thermal detecting means can be employed, including thermistors, thermocouples, and possibly barretters.

Referring to FGURE 9, in the present case the Power Supply (FGURE l0) is constituted by threephase, 220 volt power lines The place of each of the controllers, I through V in the circuit of FIGURE 9 is essentially the same for all of the controllers (with exceptions mentioned hereafter in the case of controller ill) and therefore only that of controller I will be elaborated. Controller I is tapped into the power supply lines 26) by lines 262 leading to terminals 263 (for the Wheatstone bridge and ampliiier). The controller receives its input signal at a pair of terminals 264, and in the case of controller I the lead wires 192 from the thermistor 19d (associated with thermal sensing unit 166) are connected to these terminals 264. The controlling output signal is supplied at a terminal 265, and in the case of controller l this is transmitted through line 266 to a double pole relay generally identified 268. The controller l (and likewise the controllers II through V) is set so that when it receives, at terminals 264, a signal indicating that fthe temperature sensed is higher than a predetermined temperature it will open the contacts of relay 268, and when it receives a signal indicating a temperature lower than a predetermined temperature it will energize relay 263 to effect the closing of its contacts. Thus, for example, if the thermal sensing unit 166 senses a temperature of belt 126 which is higher than that desired for the heat sealing of a particular wrapping material being used, the controller I will effect the deenergization of relay 268 and the opening of its contacts. (Typical heat sealing temperatures for polypropylene are within the range of 285 to 365 F., and for polyethylene within the range of 245 to 269 F. The heat sealing temperatures of cellophane and wax paper, however, may fall within the wider range of 275 to 350 F.) Associated in the circuit with relay 26S are an overload circuit breaker 269 and an indicator lamp 267 which lights when the relay 268 is energized. The controlled lines 270 from relay 268 lead to the heating elements 154 of the short side belt assembly 124. In summary, therefore, when the temperature of belt 126 as sensed by thermis'tor 19d, and transmitted to controller I through lines 192, is hotter than'. desired, the controller I will effect the deenergization of relay 263 and interruption of the power supply to heating elements 154 from power lines 260 through lines 229. Similarly, when the temperature of belt 126 is lower than desired the controller I will effect the energization of relay to cut in the power supply from lines 26B to heating elements 154 through lines 270. The basic operation of controllers II, IV and V respectively is exactly the same as that described for controller I.

Controller II receives through lines 272 a signal indicative of the temperature of front long side belt 198 as sensed by the thermistor of thermal sensing unit 216, and its output terminal is connected to a relay 274 which is energized or de-energized to control the power supply to the heating elements of front long side belt assembly 196 through lines 276. Controller IV has its input signal lines 192' connected to the thermistor of the rear short belt assembly l123,`and its output is fed to a relay 282 controlling `the power supply through lines `284 .to the are subjected.

lap directly over one ot" the heated conveyor bars 46, and as the loar is conveyed thereby this bottom overlap is heat-sealed by the application of moderate heat during an extended rather than a very brief period ot time. The electrical power input to the travelling heater bars 46 through the brush assemblies 76 and 78 is periodically cut in and out by operation of the relay 273 acting in response to the controller III, which in turn operates in response to the temperature of master heater bar 1x96 as sensed by thermistor 110. In order that the master heater bar 196 will be subjected to the same conditions as the travelling heater bars 46, various expedients have been described. First, the master heater bar 196 is in close proximity to the path of travel of heater bars 46. Secondly, the tanning means comprising vanes 116, which are rotated at a speed proportional to the speed of conveyor 4t), induces a flow of air over the master heater bar 106 to simulate the convection losses experienced by the travelling heater bars 46. Thirdly, during operation of the means effecting delivery of articles to the heat sealing apparatus, such means bein(y in the presently illustrated case a slicing7 machine (362), through closure of switch 300 the relay 294 is energized to cut in a bucking voltage transformer 292. This transformer reduces by a certain percentage the input voltage to the master heater bar 106 as compared to the line voltage to the travelling heater bars 46, whereby for reasons explained the relay 278 remains energized for longer periods of time and consequently the power input to the conveyor heater bars 46 is slightly increased. The net result of the latter expedient is that compensation is made for the fact that the master heater bar 106 is not subjected to heat losses directly to wrapped articles as in the case of the travelling heater bars 46. Thus it is insured that the temperature sensed at the master heater bar 196 will be the same as the actual temperature of each :travelling heater bar 46. When the means etecting the delivery of articles to the heat sealing apparatus is interrupted, then relay 294 is de-energized and the voltage input to conveyor heater bars 46 and master heater bar 106, through lines 28) and 108 respectively, then becomes equal. The over-heating of the heater bars 46 is thereby prevented. This same result, however, can be accomplished in several other ways, including, for example, a system wherein the voltage to the master heater bar 196 remains constant and the voltage to the conveyor heater bars 46 is increased during the delivery of articles and reduced to that of the master heater bar when the machine is being run idle.

The overall master heater assembly 100 with its associ ated controls, shown in FIGURES 9 and l0, represents a system which in a physical and mathematical sense may be termed a simulation or mechanical analog of the travelling heater bars 46 and the conditions to which they (These terms are commonly understood as defining a system wherein a set of variables is represented by physical means.)

During their travel on conveyor 40 the wrapped loaves have their end folds heat-sealed by engagement with the short side belts 126, which are heated from their inner sides by the lightweight radiant heating elements (eg. 154). As the belt of each side belt assembly, e.g. the belt 126 of assembly 124, is engaged by an end of the loaf it is permitted to tilt about the rod 169, which provides its sole backing and thereby conforms to the angular disposition of this particular loaf end. As a result, uni form contact between the belt and a large area at an end of the loar is ensured.

The power inputs to side'belt assemblies 123 and 124 are controlled individually by relays 268 and 282, respectively, operating in response to controllers I and IV,

which in turn are responsive to the belt temperatures sensed by thermal sensing units 166 and 166'. By virtue of the gimballed mounting of each insulating block 180 its Ishoe 186 rides flatly on the associated heated belt. `-Also, the enclosed thermistor (190"inl the case of unit 166) is shielded from the outside thermal effects by the insulating block. As the controllers I and IV sense temperature changes in the side belt assemblies 123 and 124 they respond quickly to effect any necessary changes in the power fed thereto.

The electrical resistance radiant heating elements (FIG- URE 6) are of lightweight and therefore are able to respond quickly to these controls in contrast to prior types of heating assemblies wherein large heat-conducting masses are involved.

If desired, labels may be applied to the ends of the wrapped loaf by apparatus indicated generally at 194. The wrapped loaves then enter between the heated side belt assemblies and 196. The basic operation of these assemblies is identical with that of side belt assemblies 123 and 124 and need not, therefore, be unduly elaborated. By means of the thermal sensing units 216 and 216' and the controllers II and V to which they are coupled, the power input to the heating included in these assemblies is controlled through relays 274 and 288 to maintain the belts 198 and 198 at exactly the selected temperature. During this portion of the heat sealing light pressure is exerted downwardly on the loaves by the lower reach of belt 224. Upon leaving the long side belt assemblies 195 and 196 the loaves are transferred onto the conveyor belt 250 and concurrently therewith the pressure on the end folds is maintained by side belts 226. Finally, the loaves proceed through the cooling apparatus 254.

Although the heat sealing apparatus has been described in its application to articles wrapped with a bottom overlap and end folds, it should be understood that aspects of the invention are equally applicable to other types of packages as, for example, a bottom fold type of package in which the folds are overlapped across the bottom of .the package.

y Also, various other departures from the specifically disclosed embodiments of the invention can be eiected `without departing from the scope thereof as defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In heat sealing apparatus, an endless conveyor for carrying articles to be heat sealed and having incorporated in the conveyor a plurality of electrical heating elements, an electrical heating element stationarily mounted but otherwise identical to one of Saud travelling heating elements, a source of electric power, means providing a regulated supply of power from said source to both said stationary and travelling heating elements, and means responsive to the temperature of said stationary heating element for controlling the last-mentioned means.

2. In heat sealing apparatus, a travelling electrical heating element, means presenting a succession of wrapped articles to said heating element for engagement andkrnovement therewith, a stationary electrical heating element having physical and electrical properties similar to said travelling heating element, means sensing the temperature of said stationary heating element, a source of electric power, and a control system responsive to said sensing means for controlling the power input from said source to both said stationary and travelling heating elements, thereby to maintain the actual heat sealing temperature of said travelling heating element substantially constant at a desired temperature.

3. In heat sealing apparatus, a travelling heating element, means presenting a succession of wrapped articles to said heating element for engagement and movement therewith, a stationary system constituting a mechanical analog of said conveyor heating element and including means simulating the conditions to which said travelling element is subjected, and means responsive to said sys- -tern for maintaining the actual heat sealing temperature of said element substantially constant at a desired temperature.

'4.' In heat sealing apparatus, a travelling electrical heating element, means presenting a succession of andasse wrapped articles to said heating element for` engagement and movement therewith, a source of electric power, means establishing an analog system simulating the heat losses occurring in said travelling heating element and producing output signals indicative of the temperature of said travelling heating element, and means responsive to said signals for regulating the power input from said source to said heating'element to maintain a substantially constant heat sealing temperature thereof.

5. In heat sealing apparatus, a conveyor for moving wrapped articles to be heat sealed and having incorporated therein a plurality of heating elements spaced'in the direction of conveyor travel, a heating element stationarily mounted butrotherwise'identical to one of said travelling heating elements, an electric Vpower source, means sensing the actual temperature of said stationary heating element, and control means responsive to said sensing means for eecting a regulated supply of power from said source to both said stationary and travelling heating elements `to maintain the actual heat sealing temperature thereof at a substantially constant desired temperature.

. 6. The invention according to claim 5, including means inducing a dow of air across said stationary heating element in proportion to the rate of movement of said conveyor. l

7. The invention according to claim 5, including means directing across Vsaid stationary heating element a iow of airapproximating the relative ilow of air across said travelling heating elements due to their motion.

8'. TheV invention according to claim 5, including a t movable vane adapted to direct a ow oi air vacross said stationary heating element, and means driving said vane Vat a rate proportional to the rate of movement of said trically heated bars spaced in the direction of conveyor travel, an electrically heated elongate bar'mounted stationarily but otherwise being identical to one of the rstmentioned bars, a vane extending parallel to and substantially coextensiveA with the length of said stationary bar, means driving said vane'transversely relative to said stationary bar at a speed having a xed relation to the rate of movement of said conveyor, thereby to direct a cooling llow of air across the stationary bar, an electric power source, means sensing thetternperature of said stationary bar, and control Ameans responsive to said sensing means for effecting a regulated supply of power from said source to both said stationary and said first-mentioned electricallyheated bars to maintain the same at a substantially constant-.desired heat sealing temperature. l

l0. .The invention according to claim 9, wherein said stationarily mounted bar is mounted in close pr ximityV to the path ot travel ,oi said inst-mentioned bars forming "a part ofV the conveyor.

ll. The invention according to claim 9, wherein said vane is constructed to direct air across said stationary `control means include means responsive to operation of said delivering means to ellect la slightly greater individual power input to said electrically heated bars incorporatedin saidconveyo'r.

13. ln heat sealing apparatus, an endless conveyor hav- Ving incorporated therein a plurality of electrical heating elements, means delivering to said conveyor a succession of wrapped articles-for engagement and movement therewith, an electrical heating elementlstationarily mounted 1out otherwise identical to one of the lust-mentioned heat- Y ing elements, a sourcegoi electric power, means sensing the temperature of said stationary element, and a control ing incorporated therein a plurality of spaced electricall circuit responsive to said sensing means for effecting a regulated connection of said source to both said iirstmentioned and stationary heating elements to maintain the same at a substantially lixed desired heat sealing temperature, said control means including means responsive to the delivery of articles to the conveyor to effect a power input to said first-mentioned elements which is greater than the power input to said stationary element by an amount directly related to the rate of said delivery.

lll. ln heat sealing apparatus, an endless conveyor having incorporated therein a plurality of electrical heating elements, means delivering to said conveyor a succession o wrapped articles for engagement and movement therewith, an electrical heating element stationarily mounted but otherwise identical to one of the first-mentioned heating elements, a source of electric power, means sensing the temperature of said stationary element, and a control circuit responsive to said sensing means for effecting a regulated connection of said source to both said first-mentioned and stationary heating elements to maintain the same at a substantially iixed desired heat sealing temperature, said control means including means responsive to the delivery or non-delivery of articles to said conveyor to supply the same power input to said mst-mentioned and stationary elements during non-delivery of articles and a slightly greater power input to each of said inst-mentioned elements than to said stationary element during the delivery of articles.

l5. ln heat sealing apparatus, an endless conveyor having incorporated therein a plurality'ot electrical heating elements, means delivering to said conveyor a succession of wrapped articles for engagement and movement therewith, an electrical heating element stationarily mounted but otherwise substantially identical torone ot the firstentioned elements, a source ot electric power, means sensing the temperature ot said stationary element, and a control circuit including means responsive to said sensing means to edect connection and disconnection between said power source and said stationary and tiret-mentioned elements to maintaina substantially xed desired heat sealing temperature, said control circuit further including means responsive to the rate oi delivery ot articles by said delivery means for supplying a power input to each ot said Erst-mentioned elements greater than to said stationmy element by a ditference directly related to said rate or" delivery.

i6. ln heat sealing apparatus, a ilat travelling belt, means presenting wrapped articles to said belt at one side thereot, means heating said belt, and a convex member engaging and extending lengthwise along a major portion of the other side of said belt, and providing the sole backing for the belt along said major portion.

17. ln heat sealing apparatus, an endless, ilat and relatively wide heat-conducting belt, means mounting said belt for movement thereof through a path or" travel wherein the belt delines an outer planar heat sealing surface, means for driving said belt, means located at the inside of said belt and spaced from the inner surface thereof for heating of the belt, means presenting to said belt for engagementand movement with said planar surface thereof a succession oi wrapped articles, and a stationary backing device in engagement with the inner surface of said belt at the location of said deiined planar outer surface and providing the sole backing lor a maior portion of the length thereof, said device comprising: an elongate member engaging the belt intermediate its side edges and extending lengthwise of the belt, whereby the belt is permitted to shift about the axis defined by said member and thereby adjust automatically to the coniiguration of said wrapped articles.

18. ln heat sealing apparatus, an endless conveyor havheating elements, a pair of electrically conducting brushes mounted on said element, apalr of stationary rails adjacent the path ot travel of said brushes,-and a source of electric power connected to said rails; each of said brushesY l? comprising a metallic shoe slideably engageable with and riding upon one of said rails, and a simple, lat, substantially U-shaped metallic spring integral with said shoe and serving to mount the same on its associated heating element and thereby resiliently urging the shoe against said one rail.

19. ln heat sealing apparatus, an endless conveyor having incorporated therein a plurality of electrical heating elements, means delivering to said conveyor a succession of wrapped articles for engagement and movement there with, a source of electric power, and control means etecting a regulated connection of said source to said heating elements, said control means including means responsive to the rate of delivery of articles to the conveyor to eliect automatically a greater power input to said heating elements during the delivery of articles than during the nondelivery of articles, thereby to prevent overheating of the heating elements during such non-delivery.

20. In heat sealing apparatus, a travelling heat sealing element in the form of a flat endless belt, means for heating said belt, means for mounting and driving said belt, means presenting to said belt a succession of wrapped articles for engagement and movement with the surface thereof, a stationary thermal sensing unit engageable with said belt, means for heating said belt, and means respon sive to said unit for controlling said heating means to maintain the belt at a substantially constant desired heat scaling temperature, said sensing unit comprising: a temperaturedcsponsive electrical element coupled to said responsive controlling unit, a dat, thin metallic shoe riding on said belt and having the last-mentioned element attached to the inside thereof, an insulative block connected to said shoe and enclosing said last-mentioned element to shield the same, and gimballed means mounting said shoe and block for automatic angular adjustments about intersecting axes parallel to the belt surface, thereby causing said shoe to ride ldatly on said belt.

21. ln heat sealing apparatus, a travelling heat sealing element in the form of a lat and relatively Wide heat conducting belt, means for mounting and driving said belt at least one electrical resistance type radiant heating element of relatively light mass located at the inside of said belt and spaced from the inner surface thereof, separate means also located at the inside of said belt providing the inner backing along the heat sealing surface thereof, an electric power source, and control means connecting said source to said heating element and including means automatically regulating the power input to said heating element to maintain said belt at a substantially constant desired heat sealing temperature.

22. ln heat sealing apparatus, a travelling heat sealing element in the form of a lat and relatively Wide heat conducting belt, means for mounting and driving said belt, at least one electrical resistance type radiant heating element of relatively light mass located at the inside of said belt and spaced from the inner side of the heat sealing surface thereof, an element interposed between said heating element and said inner surface of the belt and providing backing for the belt, said element extending in alignment with the belt between its side edges, said belt being shiftable about an axis provided by the last-mentioned element to conform to the contour of wrapped articles, an electric power source, and control means connecting said source to said heating element and including means automatically regulating the power input to said heating element to maintain said belt at a substantially constant desired heat sealing temperature.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,888,098 Swaney Nov. 15, 1933 2,065,835 Taylor Dec. 29, 1936 2,530,973 (irsch et al Nov. 21, 1950 2,780,414 De Heer Feb. 5, 1957 3,040,156 McGlaughlin lune 19, 1962 3,064,403 Tokos et a1. Nov. 20, 1962 3,075,326 Waite Ian. 29, 1963 FOREIGN PATENTS 114,269 Australia Dec. 4, 1941 888,469 France Dec. 14, 1943 

1. IN HEAT SEALING APPARATUS, AN ENDLESS CONVEYOR FOR CARRYING ARTICLES TO BE HEAT SEALED AND HAVING INCORPORATED IN THE CONVEYOR A PLURALITY OF ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENTS, AN ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT STATIONARILY MOUNTED BUT OTHERWISE IDENTICAL TO ONE OF SAID TRAVELLING HEATING ELEMENTS, A SOURCE OF ELECTRIC POWER, MEANS PROVIDING A REGULATED SUPPLY OF POWER FROM SAID SOURCE TO BOTH SAID STATIONARY AND TRAVELLING HEATING ELEMENTS, AND MEANS RESPONSIVE TO THE TEMPERATURE OF SAID STATIONARY HEATING ELEMENT FOR CONTROLLING THE LAST-MENTIONED MEANS. 